Wolf Interactions with Deer and Moose in the Superior National Forest
Using aerial radio-tracking of wolves (Canis lupus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the east-central Superior National Forest (northeastern Minnesota), this study examines the interaction of wolves, deer, and moose (Alces americanus). Wolves are on the Federal Endangered Species List and moose in Minnesota have been proposed for inclusion. Wolf numbers are estimated two ways: 1) aerially locating radio-collared wolf packs and observing their numbers, and 2) aerially snowtracking non-radioed wolf packs. Relationships betwee