Ground based (RTK GPS) is primary. Secondary reference to Airplane (for terrestrial LiDAR)

Putting Some Backbone in Coastal National Parks

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One of the key early steps in preparing for sea-level rise and storm surge is ensuring that the geodetic “backbone,” the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) benchmarks, have long-term viability and provide complete coverage for park coastal zones. This task was just completed for the northeast coastal national parks by the University of Rhode Island and the National Park Service (NPS).