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U.S. Department of the Interior
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with the San Carlos Apache Tribe to map current and historical riparian areas on the San Carlos Apache Reservation to identify regions vulnerable to wildfire and to target restoration efforts.
The joint U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)--National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth observation Landsat mission began in July 1972 and surpassed its 50th anniversary in July 2022. The 50-year Landsat global data archive comprises eight independently developed NASA multispectral visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) observatories that have been or are currently operated by the USGS.
Vegetation provides vital ecological, hydrological, agricultural, and recreational ecosystem goods and services. Rangeland vegetation in arid and semiarid regions is particularly important for sustaining a variety of landscape functions. At the same time, rangelands are subject to increasing pressure from climate change, management practices, altered fire regimes, energy development, and recreational use.
The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) is produced by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC). This consortium includes the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), National Agricultural Statistics Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Forest Service (USFS), National Park Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey.
The world population reached 8 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach 11 billion by 2100. How did the world feed itself, especially during the rapid rise in population from 2.5 billion at the end of World War II to the present? How will the world feed itself in the future?
The Landsat Collection 2 (C2) Level-3 Provisional Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) Science Product is now available through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Science Processing Architecture (ESPA) on-demand interface globally for Landsat 4–9 scenes that are successfully processed to C2 Level-2 Surface Temperature.
The Landsat Collection 2 Fractional Snow Covered Area (fSCA) science product provides per-pixel fractional snow cover maps that indicate the percentage of pixels covered by snow for Landsat 4–8 data. While Landsat’s acquisition frequency limits analysis of short-term snow cover variations, longer-term changes in snow cover duration and persistence can be detected.
Landsat Collection 2 Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) data are now available through the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center’s Science Processing Architecture (ESPA) on-demand interface. NDSI is the normalized difference between spectral bands green (G) and shortwave infrared (SWIR). NDSI is useful for separating snow from vegetation, soils, and other spectral signatures, and is delivered as a single band.
The Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) product provides raster layers relating to per pixel surface water inundation in Landsat data. Aquatic researchers and land managers who require habitat information can use DSWE to predict and understand impacts due to changes in surface water extent. DSWE provides surface water inundation for Landsat data acquired for the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii from 1984 to present.
The Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Burned Area (BA) science product enables users to identify burned areas across all ecosystems including forests, shrublands, and grasslands by identifying per pixel burn classification and burn probability in Landsat data from 1984 to present. Using the Burned Area product, Landsat data users can quantify patterns of fire occurrences and project future fire trends.
