These Landsat images feature the significant growth in the use of center-pivot irrigation—essentially enormous sprinkler systems—in Kansas between 1972 and 2021. The Arkansas River flows east just south of Garden City in southwestern Kansas. From 1972 to 1990, Garden City's population grew from about 15,000 to about 24,000. The town's population as recorded by the 2020 Census stood at 28,151.

Much of the former shortgrass prairie of western Kansas is now irrigated cropland. Common crops in this area are corn, wheat, and sorghum. Red areas in the images are healthy vegetation. Light-colored cultivated fields in the images are fallow or recently harvested wheat fields.

These images show center-pivot irrigation systems (the small circles) multiplying between 1972 and 1988. From 1969 to 1987, irrigated acreage in Kansas increased by 62%, from 1.5 million acres to 2.4 million acres. In the five years from 1984 to 1988, Kansas farms with center-pivot irrigation systems increased 19%, from 2,630 farms to 3,122 farms.

This area uses irrigation water from the High Plains Aquifer—also known as the Ogallala Aquifer—one of the world's largest aquifers, which underlies an area from Wyoming to Texas. Landsat images are useful for measuring irrigated crop acreage, a key component of modeling aquifer response to changes in water use. Landsat is also used to monitor the depletion of the aquifer, which is affected by not only the irrigation but also drought.