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OSM | 2015
Underground coal fires can burn for years, and are a serious health and environmental hazard. There are four underground coal fires in northern New Mexico: two in close proximity to Gallup, one north…
BOEM | 2011
Flaring is the burning of natural gas when the product cannot otherwise be captured and produced. The European Space Agency provides thermal fire and hotspot geospatial surveillance data.…
OSM | 2011
Satellite imagery provides a relatively inexpensive tool to monitor and assess vegetation regrowth over time, and thus, was identified as an added benefit to the VIP method. Imagery can…
OSM | 2011
With supporting field work, satellite imagery is ideal for mapping vegetation community types for large areas. As in vegetation cover mapping, image classification techniques can be used to…
OSM | 2011
Satellite imagery has long been used to derive vegetation cover. With supporting field sampling, vegetation density (VIP 15) can be classified using the supervised image classification…
OSM | 2011
Vegetation establishment (VIP 14) can be determined using multispectral satellite imagery and image processing software to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). NDVI is a…
OSM | 2011
As part of the surface coal mining reclamation process, the operator is required to establish vegetative cover on all disturbed areas. Vegetation cover is required to be equal in extent and…
OSM | 2011
Regulations require that no surface coal mining operations be conducted within 100 feet of a public road right-of-way. (VIP 13) Compliance with the 100 foot regulation can be…
OSM | 2011
Impoundment structures hold water, sediments, or other liquid or semi-liquids and are designed to reduce the amount of Total Suspended Solids leaving the mine site. The inspector must…
OSM | 2011
Geomorphic reclamation approximates the slopes, drainage divides, and stream geometries of the pre-mining topography and is encouraged to ensure slope stability and reduce stream sediment. .…
OSM | 2011
Volumetric measurements are used to determine the level of compliance with respect to SMCRA regulations that require mines to restore topography to AOC, and determine the volume of topsoil piles to…